2016河南省翻译竞赛试题

2016河南省第八届翻译竞赛试题由西西为大家完整带来，当前全国各地都在搞竞赛，中学生的英语能力竞赛也在举行之中，而河南省第八届翻译大赛也紧锣密鼓般展开，来自省内、省外的各类英语达人们同台竞技，展现自己的才能与不凡，为自己的人生履历添写重要一笔。

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ooner or later, we must realize that we have to live within the planet’s means. We can’t use more water than the Earth is capable of providing. A globally sustainable civilization doesn’t mean one that’s poor or without joy. On the contrary, we can have spectacularly affluent civilizations where we don’t use more resources than the environment can provide. I call this eco-affluence. There can be new lifestyles of the grandest quality that heal rather than harm our global ecosystem.

A quality of life that doesn’t damage the environment doesn’t mean “back-to-nature.” You don’t have to live like Thoreau (unless you want to). It could mean living in a superbly sophisticated city, near family, with the excitement of creative work, cultural diversity, elegant parks and superlative entertainment. Cities can be both beautiful and ecologically correct. A good lifestyle may mean developing a connection to religion, beauty and community. Future civilizations will be anything but simple, and they will have a wide variety of lifestyles.

There are many ways to be affluent without harming the environment. Some involve the love of nature, some involve high technology and some involve opera, baseball, theater, or jazz. The Earth will have large protected areas of ancient and immense biodiversity, and some people will be passionate about understanding this biodiversity. Some will be crazy about ocean racing, paragliding, birding, breeding orchids, hydroponics, cricket, camping or walking in beautiful places. Digital technology will bring global computer games with virtual reality of great richness. With hi-fi earphones and high-definition goggles, we can take state-of-the-art entertainment anywhere.

The future will be characterized by a rapid growth in knowledge and new techniques for putting knowledge to work. Routine work will continue to be done by machines, leaving humans to focus increasingly on jobs that demand human feeling and creativity. The 21st century will bring extraordinary levels of eco-affluent creativity. There will be a near-infinite number of eco-affluent avocations and hobbies.

言折射社会发展的轨迹。中国历史上每一次大的社会变革，都会涌现出一大批新词语。语言属于社会现象，语言是随着社会的发展而发展的。词汇是语言中最活跃的因素。社会的变革、科技的发展、人们思维的活跃和观念的更新，都会在语言的词汇中很快地反映出来，突出表现是新词新义新用法的大量出现。远的不说，就从上一个世纪来看，“五四”前后、建国初期和改革开放以来，分别是新词语出现的三个高峰。如近年来随着网络这一新事物的出现，跟网络有关的新词语就出现了一大串，像因特网、互联网、电子邮件、网站、网校、网址、网页、网络犯罪等，这是语言与社会共变的最好例证。

语言是社会的一面镜子，社会发生了很大变化，语言不可能是无动于衷的，不可能还是保持原样的。语言还可以帮助强化一种观念, 甚至强化一种意识形态，所以无论是保守的还是革命的，都分别以不同方式来利用语言。像法国大革命时期，月份名称都改了，因为他们觉得名称代表了一种传统的力量，代表了一种君王、贵族的象征，所以语言本身也是有力量的。社会变迁无疑会给语言带来变化，社会上猛然接受了很多新的信息，肯定会在语言上有所体现，有的时候社会变迁带来了很多新的信息，新的信息里的一部分可以用老词汇来体现，但有时我们只能用新词汇来表达部分新信息。因此，可以说，语言与社会是紧密相联的。