精妙Sql语句
1. 判断a表中有而b表中没有的记录
select a.* from tbl1 a
left join tbl2 b
on a.key = b.key
where b.key is null
虽然使用in也可以实现,但是这种方法的效率更高一些
2. 新建一个与某个表相同结构的表
select * into b
from a where 1<>1
3.between的用法,between限制查询数据范围时包括了边界值,not between不包括
select * from table1 where time between time1 and time2
select a,b,c, from table1 where a not between 数值1 and 数值2
4. 说明:包括所有在 TableA 中但不在 TableB和TableC 中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表
(select a from tableA ) except (select a from tableB) except (select a from tableC)
5. 初始化表,可以将自增长表的字增长字段置为1
TRUNCATE TABLE table1
6.多语言设置数据库或者表或者order by的排序规则
--修改用户数据库的排序规则
ater database dbname collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS
--修改字段的排序规则
alter table a alter column c2 varchar(50) collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS
--按姓氏笔画排序
select * from 表名 order by 列名 Collate Chinese_PRC_Stroke_ci_as
--按拼音首字母排序
select * from 表名 order by 列名 Collate Chinese_PRC_CS_AS_KS_WS
7.列出所有的用户数据表:
SELECT TOP 100 PERCENT o.name AS 表名
FROM dbo.syscolumns c INNER JOIN
dbo.sysobjects o ON o.id = c.id AND objectproperty(o.id, N'IsUserTable') = 1 AND
o.name <> 'dtproperties' LEFT OUTER JOIN
dbo.sysproperties m ON m.id = o.id AND m.smallid = c.colorder
WHERE (c.colid = 1)
ORDER BY o.name, c.colid
8.列出所有的用户数据表及其字段信息:
SELECT TOP 100 PERCENT c.colid AS 序号, o.name AS 表名, c.name AS 列名,
t.name AS 类型, c.length AS 长度, c.isnullable AS 允许空,
CAST(m.[value] AS Varchar(100)) AS 说明
FROM dbo.syscolumns c INNER JOIN
dbo.sysobjects o ON o.id = c.id AND objectproperty(o.id, N'IsUserTable') = 1 AND
o.name <> 'dtproperties' INNER JOIN
dbo.systypes t ON t.xusertype = c.xusertype LEFT OUTER JOIN
dbo.sysproperties m ON m.id = o.id AND m.smallid = c.colorder
ORDER BY o.name, c.colid
9.Left,right Join的另外一种简洁的写法
select * from a,b where a.id *= b.id --(*= 相当于 LEFT JOIN)
select * from a,b where a.id =* b.id --(=* 相当于 Right JOIN)
10.Update from 和 delete from
11.得到表中最小的未使用的ID号
SELECT (CASE WHEN EXISTS(SELECT * FROM Handle b WHERE b.HandleID = 1)
THEN MIN(HandleID) + 1 ELSE 1 END) as HandleID
FROM Handle
WHERE NOT HandleID IN (SELECT a.HandleID - 1 FROM Handle a)
12.随机取得记录
SELECT TOP 10 * FROM T1 ORDER BY NEWID()
精妙SQL语句介绍
如何从一位菜鸟蜕变成为高手,灵活使用的SQL语句是必不可少的。本文收集了部分比较经典,常用的SQL语句供大家参考,希望对大家有所帮助。
说明:复制表(只复制结构,源表名:a 新表名:b)
SQL: select * into b from a where 1<>1
说明:拷贝表(拷贝数据,源表名:a 目标表名:b)
SQL: insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b;
说明:显示文章、提交人和最后回复时间
SQL: select a.title,a.username,b.adddate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.title=a.title) b
说明:外连接查询(表名1:a 表名2:b)
SQL: select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c
说明:日程安排提前五分钟提醒
SQL: select * from 日程安排 where datediff('minute',f开始时间,getdate())>5
说明:两张关联表,删除主表中已经在副表中没有的信息
SQL:
delete from info where not exists ( select * from infobz where info.infid=infobz.infid
说明:--
SQL:
SELECT A.NUM, A.NAME, B.UPD_DATE, B.PREV_UPD_DATE
FROM TABLE1,
(SELECT X.NUM, X.UPD_DATE, Y.UPD_DATE PREV_UPD_DATE
FROM (SELECT NUM, UPD_DATE, INBOUND_QTY, STOCK_ONHAND
FROM TABLE2
WHERE TO_CHAR(UPD_DATE,'YYYY/MM') = TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY/MM')) X,
(SELECT NUM, UPD_DATE, STOCK_ONHAND
FROM TABLE2
WHERE TO_CHAR(UPD_DATE,'YYYY/MM') =
TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY/MM') || '/01','YYYY/MM/DD') - 1, 'YYYY/MM') Y,
WHERE X.NUM = Y.NUM (+)
AND X.INBOUND_QTY + NVL(Y.STOCK_ONHAND,0) <> X.STOCK_ONHAND B
WHERE A.NUM = B.NUM
说明:--
SQL:
select * from studentinfo where not exists(select * from student where studentinfo.id=student.id) and 系名称='"&strdepartmentname&"' and 专业名称='"&strprofessionname&"' order by 性别,生源地,高考总成绩
说明:
从数据库中去一年的各单位电话费统计(电话费定额贺电化肥清单两个表来源)
SQL:
SELECT a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'yyyy') AS telyear,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '01', a.factration)) AS JAN,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '02', a.factration)) AS FRI,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '03', a.factration)) AS MAR,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '04', a.factration)) AS APR,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '05', a.factration)) AS MAY,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '06', a.factration)) AS JUE,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '07', a.factration)) AS JUL,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '08', a.factration)) AS AGU,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '09', a.factration)) AS SEP,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '10', a.factration)) AS OCT,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '11', a.factration)) AS NOV,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '12', a.factration)) AS DEC
FROM (SELECT a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, b.telfeedate, b.factration
FROM TELFEESTAND a, TELFEE b
WHERE a.tel = b.telfax) a
GROUP BY a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'yyyy')
说明:四表联查问题:
SQL: select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where .....
说明:得到表中最小的未使用的ID号
SQL:
SELECT (CASE WHEN EXISTS(SELECT * FROM Handle b WHERE b.HandleID = 1) THEN MIN(HandleID) + 1 ELSE 1 END) as HandleID
FROM Handle
WHERE NOT HandleID IN (SELECT a.HandleID - 1 FROM Handle a)